Question

1a.Why does the glucose concentration in the urinary bladder become zero in the experiment?

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b.A person with type 1 diabetes cannot make insulin in the pancreas, and a person with untreated type 2 diabetes does not respond to the insulin that in the pancreas. In either case, why would you expect to find glucose in the person’s urine?

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2a.How did the addition of aldosterone affect urine volume (compared with baseline)? Can the reabsorption of solutes influence of water reabsorption in the nephron? Briefly explain.

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b.How did the addition of ADH affect urine volume (compared with baseline)? Why did the addition of ADH also affect the concentration of potassium in the urine (compared with baseline)?

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c.What is the principal determinant for the release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex?

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d.What is the principal determinant for the release of ADH from the posterior pituitary gland? Does ADH favor the formation of dilute or concentrated urine? Explain why.

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Answer 1

Ans 1a. When the number of glucose carriers becomes great enough, all of the glucose is reabsorbed and thus the glucose concentration in the urinary bladder become zero.

Ans 1b. There is excess glucose in the blood of the individual as in each case the person produces the glucose and in type 1 diabetes these glucose could not get into the cells, where it's needed, and glucose stays in the blood. Therefore so as in Type 2 diabetes the person is not able to respond normally to the insulin the body makes and thus glucose is less able to enter the cells and do its job of supplying energy. Thus the glucose is trapped in blood itself causing high concentration of blood sugar leading to diabetes.