Question

20 pts Separately graph the relationship in humans between cardiac output and right atrial pressure, and venous return and right atrial pressure. Include on your graph the units of measurement and the absolute values. Now:

How does sympathetic stimulation affect each curve?

How does hemorrhage (not lethal) affect each curve?

How does acute heart attack affect each curve? (“heart attack” here means that the heart has suddenly become hypoeffective).

Answer 1

Sympathetic stimulation increases heart rate by increasing depolarization. Thus, it will shift the first curve towards the left and the second, toward right.

Hemorrhage causes negative effect on cardiac function. Thus, it will shift the first curve towards right and the second twoards left.

Heart attack, (when heart suddenly become hypoeffectie) decreases heart rate. Thus, it will cause same effect as hemorrhage.