Question

Identify the design of each experiment below as paired samples or independent samples. In each case give the df.

1. Ten students compared the legibility of headlines. In one condition the headlines were all in CAPITALS and in the other condition the first letters were capitalized. Each student judged on a scale of 1-10, first one headline, then the other.
2. A dozen planaria were fed a stew made from worms that had been previously trained. A second dozen worm's stew was made from naive worms. Each of the two dozen worms then learned a T-maze.
3. On the basis of Critical Reading SAT scores each male was matched with a female. Then the math SAT scores were found and the mean for the 18 males was compared to the mean of the 18 females with a t
4. In order to control for socioeconomic status, this study only used families with incomes in the $25-$35,000 a year range. Thirty-six fathers of one-year-olds were compared. Half had parti­cipated in the Lamaze method a year earlier when their child was born and half had not. A non-verbal behavior score was taken during a 10-minute father-child session.
5. A comparison of 54 electricians to 54 plumbers who were all union members, 25-40 years old, showed no significant difference in spatial abilities.

Answer 1