Question

Statistical significance (alpha level; p-value) reflects the odds that a particular finding could have occurred by...

Statistical significance (alpha level; p-value) reflects the odds that a particular finding could have occurred by chance.

If the p-value for a difference between two groups is 0.05, it would be expected to occur by chance just 5 times out of 100 (thus, it is likely to be a “real” difference). We define a p-value of less than 0.05 to indicate statistical significance.

Suppose a pizza place claims their delivery times are 30 minutes or less on average but you think it’s more than that. So you conduct a hypothesis test and randomly sample some delivery times to test the claim:

  • Null hypothesis — The mean delivery time is 30 minutes or less
  • Alternative hypothesis — The mean delivery time is greater than 30 minutes

Suppose we investigate and perform the calculation and find that the mean delivery time is 40 minutes with a p-value of 0.03.

Is the result statistically significant, and what should we conclude about the null hypothesis? Why?

Math   Statistics-And-Probability   
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Answer #1

hypothesis:-

(claim)

p value = 0.03

decision:-

p value = 0.03 < 0.05 (alpha)

so, we reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the result is statistically significant.

conclusion:-

there is not enough evidence to support the pizza place's claim.

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