Question

1. When researchers conclude that their hypotheses are supported based on samples, when in reality the hypotheses are not true of the populations, the researchers have made __________________.

critical value errors

Type IV errors

Type II errors

2. Statisticians do not rely on the results of one study; thus, _____________ is central to the connection between research and understanding.

correlation

power

error variance

replication

3. Anna has conducted a study to test the hypothesis that fear correlates to the number of news stories about violence a person has watched. In the population of people, assume that there is a correlation between fear and news watched. Assume also that Anna's results from a sample of the population do not clearly indicate what is true in the population. Therefore, Anna concludes that the null hypothesis is true and that her research hypothesis is not. Which error has been made?

Type I error

Type II error

Observer bias

There is no known error in this example

Answer 1

1. Type II errors

   Type 2 error involves in accepting a false null hypothesis.
   

2. replication

   Replication is important and necessary as the researchers do not rely on just one data set or one single research for coming up with inferences or conclusions.
   
3. Observer bias
   This is because Anna has introduced her own personal biases in the study. Observer bias is also known as the experimenter bias which points to the tendency of the observer to see what he or she wants to see.

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