Question

Ian Hacking - An overview from "The Timing of Chance".

- What is determinism?
- What is Positivism?
- How did the probability and statistics change over time?
- What did Chance mean in the 19th century, what did it evolve in the 20th century?
- What is Law of large numbers?

By relating these explanations to each other, the verb is appropriate.

Answer 1

Meaning of determinism

Determinism is theory of doctoring that all events include human action are determined by the causation.on the other hand , determinism is philosophical theory that is all choice even moral event are determined by priviously existing causes.

positivism :

A philosophical system recognizing only that which can be secientifically verified or which is capable for logical mathamatical proof and therefore it rejected theism and metapysics.

Step-3

In early time statistics only confined in demographic such as population later it's collected all types of information .in early time probablity theory puts firm a theoritical basis .but in modern time , statistics are used in both gather information and analysis and interpreting the data .

Probablity deals with random process which lie behind the data and outcome.in 19th century , probablity has developed to measure hypothesis testing develop inductive probablity and method of least square.

In 20th century , probablity and hypothesis closely connected by work of R.A Fisher on hypothesis testing which is widely applied in biological , psychological , and clinical trials of drugs .

law of large numbsnumbsr

Law of large number is principal of probablity according to which the frequencies of events with the same likely hood occurence , given enough trail and instance . As the number of experiment increase , the actual ratio is converge on theoritical , or expected ratio of outcome.