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FM modems employ orthogonal tone spacing, where the correlation coefficient ρthat appears in the erfc formula...

FM modems employ orthogonal tone spacing, where the correlation coefficient ρthat appears in the erfc formula for BER is equal to zero.  We showed in lecture that a negative value ofρis possible and would improve the BER.  Why isn’t this negative value employed in modems?

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The negative value of correlation coefficient is usually not considered in modems, as it hampers the modulation and demodulation of the frequency signal. Even though a negative value of the coefficient is possible and it would increase the BER, the negative value would lead to an ambiguity to decide upon the optimum timing and optimum detection of the incoming frequency wave. In other words, usage of a negative correlation coefficient would mean aiding a distorted signal entering the modem.

Hence, the negative value is avoided.

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