1. Explain how black holes are observed.
2. Use the astronomical distance ladder.
3. Compare and contrast disk and elliptical galaxies.
4. Describe the content and history of the Milky Way.
5. Explain the evidence for dark matter.
6. Relate the Hubble plot and the age of the universe.
7. Describe the evolution of the Universe's size, temperature,
density, and composition.
Describe evidence for the Big Bang model, beyond the expansion
of the Universe.