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Does Lambert-Beers law apply in all cases? for example in concentrated solutions?

Does Lambert-Beers law apply in all cases? for example in concentrated solutions?

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Answer #1

The linearity of the Beer-Lambert law is limited by chemical and instrumental factors. Causes of nonlinearity include:

  • deviations in absorptivity coefficients at high concentrations (>0.01M) due to electrostatic interactions between molecules in close proximity
  • scattering of light due to particulates in the sample
  • fluoresecence or phosphorescence of the sample
  • changes in refractive index at high analyte concentration
  • shifts in chemical equilibria as a function of concentration
  • non-monochromatic radiation, deviations can be minimized by using a relatively flat part of the absorption spectrum such as the maximum of an absorption band
  • stray light
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