Question

Directions: After reading the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention case study, answer the following questions.

Case Study: “Cross-sectional Exposure Assessment of Environmental Contaminants in Churchill County, Nevada” by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/clusters/fallon/factsheet.pdf

1)Identify the agent:_____________________________________________________

2)What type of agent is described?

biological

chemical

3)Source:

anthropogenic              non-anthropogenic

area                                          point

stationary                                 mobile

indoor                                      outdoor

4)Transport/carrier medium:

air

water

soil

dust

food product item

5)Exposure pathways:

eating contaminated food

breathing contaminated air

touching a contaminated surface

drinking contaminated water

6)Exposure concentration:

mg/kg (food)               mg/litre (water)

ug/m3 (air)                  ug/cm3 (contaminated surfaces)

% by weight                fibres/m3 (air)

7)Exposure route:

inhalation                                dermal contact

ingestion                                  multiple routes

8)Exposure frequency:

continuous                  intermittent

cyclic                                       random

rare

9)Exposure duration:

seconds                                   minutes

hours                                        days

weeks                                       months

years                                        lifetime

           

10)Exposure setting:

occupational                non-occupational

residential                                 non-residential

indoors                                     outdoors

11)Exposed population:

general population

population subgroups

individuals

12)Geographic scope:

site                                          specific

local                                         regional

national                                    international

global                                                                 

Answer 1

1) Agent:

Tungsten in tap water is the agent caused the I'll effects

2) Tungsten is a chemical agent

3) Source:

Anthropogenic because the environment is polluted by human activity

4) Water acted as a carrier medium

5) Drinking contaminated water acts a pathway to cause disease

6)The exposure concentration is measured in mg/ litre in water

7) Ingestion is a major exposure route

8) Continuously using the contaminated thing is an exposure

9)It actually takes years to cause illnesses

10) Residential group were greatly affected

11) General population

12)It was a national wide problem