Question

Student Activity 12-1

Based on this CHAPTER 12 Healthcare Ethics - Basics of the U.S. Health Care System (4th Edition), please provide an explanation.

Paternalism:

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Medical tourism:

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Therapeutic cloning:

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Stem cell:

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Transplantation:

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Xenotransplantation:

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Presumed consent:

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Autonomy:

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Stewardship model:

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Institutional Review Boards:

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Answer 1

1. Paternalism - paternalism can be explained as any activity done with an intent to perform good of other individuals and that can be against the will of other person but for the benefit of the same person is called as paternalism. This paternalism can be seen in medical field when the physician treats the person even if he is in pain and distributes the resources to the patient for the treatment and for the well-being to keep them safe and recover better.

2. Medical Tourism - Medical tourism is a concept when a person travels abroad or to another country to receive any medical treatment that can be e beneficial to treat a person's illness. This medical tourism is mostly observed in case of developing countries or underdeveloped countries with the medical facilities and treatment are not available in the desired quantity as well as quality and for the treatment purposes the individuals go abroad in tourism and travel to another country to get the treatment under medical tourism.

3. Therapeutic cloning - in therapeutic cloning the embryonic stem cells are generated or produce to repair or regenerate any damaged organ or tissue. The cells obtained from the patient for therapeutic cloning is only used for treating any illness or damage to the organ of that patient and not used for cloning another organism which is not ethical. Where as the use of therapeutic cloning is a legal endeavour for medical purposes.

4. Stem cell - Stem cells are the most basic type of cells which have the unique ability to transform into any kind of specialised cells and for those particular organs tissues in the individual. the medical application of stem cells can tremendous as these stem cells can be used in the future for repairing any damage tissue or organ and helping the individual with providing that organ or tissue which is compatible with that person itself with no rejection an effective medical treatment.