Question

-Explain in details the causes, signs & symptoms, pathophysiology, diagnosis process and different treatment strategies of Glomerular Nephritis?

Answer 1

GLOMERULAR NEPHRITIS..

Glomerular nephritis is a condition in which inflammation of glomeruli occurs. It is also called nephritis.

TYPES

Two types are there:-

- Acute.

- chronic.

ETIOLOGY

- Strep throat.

- impetigo.

- immune diseases.

- hereditary factors.

- endocarditis.

- some viral infections such as HIV, hepatitis etc.

CLINICAL MANIFESTATION.

- foamy urine.

- flank pain.

- fluid retention (oedema).

- hematuria.

- dysuria.

- oliguria.

- hypertension.

- fatigue etc.

DIGNOSTIC EVALUVATION.

- history and physical examination.

- urinalysis.

- blood test.

- USG.

- IVP.

- biopsy.

MANAGEMENT.

- treatment according to etiology, type and severity of the disease.

- dialysis.

- control high BP.

- medication such as diuretics, antihypertensives, immunosupressants, calcium supplements etc.

- life style changes include sodium and water restriction, limit the intake of protein in the diet, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium restrictions, maintain a healthy diet and exercise.

- exercise include breathing exercise, walking, cycling, dancing, swimming etc.

- nursing management focus on:-

- ineffective breathing pattern related to fluid retention as evidenced by dyspnoea, respiratory rate.

- acute pain related to inflammation as evidenced by verbalization and facial expressions.

- excess fluid volume related to accumulation of fluid in the body as evidenced by oedema and weight gain.