Question

How were the 19th-century ideologies of liberalism and socialism responses to pressures created by industrialization?

Answer 1

I will be answering briefly about some of the ideologues that emerged as a pressure to industrialisation:

1. Ludites- Reaction to mechanisation and replacement of humans by machines and labour replacing technology.

2. Marx- Response to labour exploitation by capitalists who owned means of production.

3. Liberal Party politics in Britain- Helped end slave trade in Britain and later across Europe.

4. Ada Smith, Ricardo and Others- Their works on free trade, free markets and laissez faire led to the end of Mercantilism

5. Bismarck's State Socialism and the idea of state welfarism, emerged as a remedial measures to appease the working class and detract support for socialism!

Let me know if you feel something needs to be added/ discussed in details. I will be happy to do so in comments.