In a perfectly competitive market, price, and marginal revenue are the same, but in a monopoly, the price is (except for the first unit) always higher than the incremental revenue. Why is that so? Explain with the help of a short numerical example.
In a perfectly competitive market, as there is a very large number of buyers and sellers. No seller can influence market price and hence they are all price takers. Also, the additional revenue from an additional unit of output produced will be equal to the price which is constant for each unit of output produced. However, in case of monopoly, there is a single seller with full monopoly power over the price and more can be sold by lowering the price. Hence the marginal revenue curve lies below the demand curve.
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