Question

Q2: Specify any four difference between Client/Server computing and Peer-to-Peer computing. Which architecture used by Bitcoin digital currency?

Q3:  Answer the following questions by explaining every step of calculation:

Part 1:

a. Convert Octal Number 645₈ to Decimal Number                   

b. Convert Hexadecimal Number 5BF₁₆ to Decimal Number  

c. Convert Binary Number 101011₂ to Decimal Number          

d. Convert Decimal Number 195₁₀ to Binary Number

Part 2:

a. Convert binary fraction 0.1001₂ to Decimal fraction.

b. Find Addition of Binary Numbers: 1011101₂ + 1110₂

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Answer 1

Question 2:

Step 1:

Step 2:

Peer to peer model of computing is used by Bitcoin digital currency.

Question 3:

Part 1:

a.)

Procedure to convert octal number(645) to decimal number:

• In order to convert an octal number (base-8) to the decimal number (base-10) system, we must use the octal place value to add the base-10 value of each digit.
• Within the octal place value system, the value increases eight-fold each time you move a place to the left.
• The digit values in the octal range from null to seven; numbers 8 and 9 are not permitted.

Step 1) Write down the place value of each digit.

Step 2) Add up the place value of each digit.

= 6*64 + 8*4 + 1*5

= 384 + 32 + 5

= 421

So, 645 in decimal is equal to 421.

b.)

Procedure to convert hexadecimal number(5BF) to decimal number:

• In order to convert a hexadecimal number (base-16) to the decimal number (base-10) system, we must use the hexadecimal place value to add the base-10 value of each digit.
• Within the hexadecimal place value system, the value increases sixteen-fold each time you move a place to the left.
• The digit values in the hexadecimal range from zero to 15; with the letters A, B, C, D, E and F representing the numbers 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15 respectively.

Step 1) Write down the place value of each digit.

Step 2) Add up the place value of each digit.

= 256*5 + 16*11 + 1*15

= 1280 + 176 + 15

= 1471

So, 5BF in decimal is equal to 1471.

c.)

Procedure to convert binary number(101011) to decimal number:

• In order to convert a binary number (base-2) to the decimal number (base-10) system, we must use the binary place value to add the base-10 value of each digit.
• Within the binary place value system, the value increases two-fold each time you move a place to the left.

Step 1) Write down the place value of each digit.

Step 2) Add up the place value of each digit.

= 32*1 + 16*0 + 8*1 + 4*0 + 2*1 + 1*1

= 32 + 0 + 8 + 0 + 2 + 1

= 43

So, 1010 in decimal is equal to 43.

d.)

Procedure to convert the decimal value 195 to the binary (8-bit) procedure is as follows:

• Divide the number repeatedly by 2 and keep track of each remaining quotient until we obtain a quotient ZERO.
• Construct the base 2 representation by taking all the remainders previously determined in that order from the last remaining to the first.

Part 2:

a.)

Procedure to convert binary fraction(0.1001) to decimal number:

• Starting with rightmost number digit, multiply with 2 to the power of 0, 2 to the power of one and so on.
• For fraction, begin with left most digits after the decimal and start multiplying by 1/2⁰, 1/2¹, 1/2², 1/2³ and so on.
• Add the numbers above to get the Binary to decimal.

b.)

Addition of two binary numbers 1011101 + 1110 is given below:

Rules for binary addition are as follows:

0 + 0 = 0
0 + 1 = 1
1 + 0 = 1
1 + 1 = 10 (which is 0 carry 1)