Question

List and explain the states of process in a specific operating system, such as; windows XP, windows 2000, Unix …

Answer 1

Process:Process is an instance of a computer program that is being executed.It contains the program code and it's current ativity.
Process states in wwindows 2000:

At the highest level of abstraction windows2000 process comprises the folowing

->A private virtual addressspace

->An executable program

->A list of open handles to various system resources that are accessible to all threads in the process.

->A security context called an access token.

->A unique identifier called a process Id

->At least on thread of execution.

windows 2000 is a symmetric multiprocessing operating system.There is no master processor.

->windows2000 incorporates several features that are crucial to it success as a multiprocessor operating system.

->The ability to run operating system code on any available processor and on multiple processor at the same time.

->Multiple threads of execution within a single process.

->Fine-grained synchronization within the kernel as well as within device drivers and servers processmwhich allows more components to run cuncurrently on multiple processors.

Process in unix and windows XP:

Process in unix and windows are contain an address space.usually protected and virtual mapped into memory.the code for the running prigram.

->The data for the running program.

- execution stack and stack pointer and also heap

->The program counter(PC)

->A set of processor rigisters.that are general purpose and stsu registers.

->A set of system resources that are files, network connections,pipes.

process procedure:

->To users a process is identified by it process Id(PID).inthe os processes ar represented by entries in a process table.

->pid is index to a process table entry was process table entry=Process control block.

->Process control block is a larg data structure that contains al information abbout the process.

->Linux-defined in task_struct_over

->windows xp-define in EPROCESS

Process in Process control block:

Process control block contains the below info

->execution state,pc,sp&processor register stored when process is not in running state.

->memory management info and priviliges and owner information,scheduling priority an resource information and accounting information.

Process are created :

•when the system boot

•By the action prformed by user

•by the action of a batch manager an etc

Process terminattes

•Normally-exit,voluntarily on a error

•involuntarily on an error

•Terminated by the action a user (or) a process

Process states:

Process states are execution state,ready state,running state and waiting state.

Process creation in unix and linux:

Creates a new process for();

•allocate new process control block

•clones the calling process

•copy of the parent process address space

•copying the resources in kernel

Placess process control block on ready queue and return from fork() call

O for child and child pid for parent.

Process creation in windows:

Windows

NT/XP-combines fork and exec

Create process

•not a parent child relationship

•note-privileges required to creat a new process.