Question

What is surveying and its types?, What is surveying in civil?, What is surveying and its importance?, How many types of civil surveys are there?, What is the classification of surveying?, What are the uses of surveying in civil engineering?

Answer 1

Surveying

Surveying is the process of determining relative position of different objects on the surface of earth by measuring horizontal distance and angles and plotting it into a map of required scale

Types of surveying/Methods of surveying

Surveying is mainly classified as plane surveying (where earth surface is considered as plane,used if distance measured is less) and geodetic surveying (where earth surface is considered as curved,used for long distance surveying)

Secondary classification of surveying is

1)Nature of survey

a)Topographical survey

b)Hydrographic survey

c) Astronomical survey

d) Aerial survey

e)Engineer survey

f) Photographic survey

g)Reconnaissance survey

h) Archeological survey

2)Type of instrument

a)Chain surveying

b)Compass surveying

c)Plane table surveying

d) Theodolite surveying

e)Tacheometric survey

f) Photographic survey

​​​​​​Principles of surveying

1) Working from whole to part

2)Locating a point with respects to two reference points

Uses of surveying

1)Preparing contour map

2) Preparing engineers map

3)Marking boundary

4)Planning and estimating projects

5) Military map

6) Astronomical survey

7) Archeological map etc

Importance of surveying

The planning and design of most of the major civil engineering projects such as dams,bridge,highway, tunnel etc,are based on surveying measurements.It is the basic in any Civil engineering works