Soap is a sodium or potassium salt of higher fatty acid
example : C17H35COONa
in soap the linear carbon chain are hydrophobic tail and carboxylate part are hydrophilic head
Detergant
similar to soap detergant hydrophilic unit has ammonium or stearate salt etc.
Example: C12H25SO4Na
in detergant the linear carbon chain are hydrophobic tail and sulfate unit are hydrophilic head
advantages
detergant work effectively even in hard water, whereas soap is less effective in hard water due to the presence of calcium and magnesium in hard water
The solubility of deteregant is water is more in detergant compare to soap
detergant can be used for woolen material whereas soap cannot be used
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