Question

The following are represented them hypothetical neutral atoms X, Y, Z and T and their respective electronic configurations:

X - 1s2

Y - 1s2 2s2

Z - 1s2 2s2 3s2 3p6 2P6

T - 1s2 2s2 3s2 3p6 4s2 2P6

What is more ionization energy is:

Explain your resposat.

a) Y

b) Z

c) T

d) X

Answer 1

Ionization (ionisation) Energy and Electronic Configuration Ionization energy, or ionisation energy, is the energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom or ion. First Ionization energy : energy required to remove an electron from the gaseous atom First Ionization for Hydrogen: H(g) → H+(g) + e First Ionization for Carbon: C(g) → C+(g) + e Ionization energy is measured in kilojoules per mole (kJ mol-1) or electronvolts per atom (eV). (1 kJ/mol = 96.4869 x eV) The greater the value of the ionization energy, the harder it is to remove an electron from the gaseous species. The lower the value of the ionization energy, the easier it is to remove an electron from the gaseous species. Ionization energy depends on : The charge on the nucleus: ionization energy increases with increasing numbers of protons in the nucleus, that is, with increasing positive nuclear charge. (The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom = the atomic number of the element (Z)) The distance of the electron from the nucleus: ionization energy decreases as the distance between the electron and the nucleus increases. Repulsion between electrons : ionization energy decreases if 2 negatively charged electrons are in close proximity to each other. Ionization energy of atoms provides evidence for the electronic configuration of the atoms.

electronic configurations:

X - 1s2

electron are easier to remove than expected, Repulsion between electrons in close proximity. so that ionization energy is less

Y - 1s2 2s2

electrons slightly harder to remove than predicted, extra nuclear charge has shrunk the distance a little. so that ionization energy is more than X atom

Z - 1s2 2s2 3s2 3p6 2P6

electrons easier to remove than predicted, electrons is much further from the nucleus . so that ionization energy is more.

T - 1s2 2s2 3s2 3p6 4s2 2P6

electrons easier to remove than predicted, electrons is much away from the nucleus . so that ionization energy is more.