What kinds of constraints can influence the evolution of adaptations?
There are various constraints that influence the evloution of adaptation:
Firstly EPISTASIS can constraint the adaptive response but in other cases they can also facilitate adaptive response.
Secondly HERITABILITY is a constraint.It determines the response to the natural selection within the population.
Thirdly EVOLVABILITY is a constraint which affects the long term adaptation and non random trajectories.
Fourthly it is INNOVATION which generates major phenotypic breakthrough.
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