Question

1. Why can't transcription and translation of an mRNA occur at the same time in eukaryotes like it does in prokaryotes?

In bacteria, translation of an mRNA can begin before its transcription is complete.

mRNA synthesis begins at the 5' end and moves toward the 3' end.  After the 5' end is made, ribosomes can bind and begin translation.

This coupling of transcription and translation does not occur in eukaryotes. Why not?

2. There is an amino acid that transfers its amino group to alpha-ketoglutarate to produce glutamate. The carbon skeleton of the amino acid is now an alpha ketoacid. In each reaction (top, bottom), what is the amino acid and what ketoacid is it converted to?

Answer 1

1,In prokaryotes genetic material is not enclosed in a membrane enclosed nucleus and has to access to ribosomes in the cytoplasm, so in prokaryotes transcription occurs in the cytoplasm alongside translation and can occur simultaneously.

but in Eukaryotes genetic material is bounded by double membranous nucleus so transcription occurs in nucleus, and translation occurs on ribosome in cytoplasm.

as soon as the 5' end of mRNA forms it detached from DNA, and soon ribosome bound to it in cytoplasm, it is possible because there is no boundation of nuclear membrane.
But this coupling of transcription and translation does not occur in eukaryotes dur to nucleus.

2,Alanine is the amino acid which is converted to glutamate by the enzyme alanine transaminase , and the keto acid formed is 2 ketoglutaric acid.