Question

You are caring for a patient with sepsis (systemic inflammation) with a capsule producing strain of S. aureus, an extracellular pathogen. The patient is hypotensive (low blood pressure) and has developed disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). The laboratory reports a high concentration of S. aureus specific IgM and a small concentration of S. aureus specific IgG. All of the following apply EXCEPT:

A. TH cell TCR recognition of S. aureus antigen

B. recognition of PAMPs by macrophage

C. diapadesis of neutrophils into tissues

D. influx of red blood cells into the tissues

E. macrophage display of antigen with MHC II

F. dendritic cell recognition of PAMPs

G. requirement for CD4 molecule

H. BCR recognition of antigen in the absence of MHC molecules

I. mast cell release of histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins

J. secretion of IL-1

K. secretion of IL-2

L. secretion of IL-6

M. secretion of IL-8

N. secretion of perforin and granzyme B

O. secretion of antibody

P. release of C5a

Q. vasodilation, vascular permeability, and cell adhesion molecule (CAM) expression

R. secretion of tissue factor due to the release of tumor necrosis factor alpha

S. all of the following apply, no exception

Answer 1

You are caring for a patient with sepsis (systemic inflammation) with a capsule producing strain of S. aureus, an extracellular pathogen. The patient is hypotensive (low blood pressure) and has developed disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). The laboratory reports a high concentration of S. aureus specific IgM and a small concentration of S. aureus specific IgG. All of the following apply EXCEPT:

Answer: (D) influx of red blood cells into the tissues

Syspsis is the major cause of morbidity and mortality other than cardiovascular abnormality. It is a clinical syndrome due to a dysregulated response to infection leads to life-threatening organ dysfunction. It is characterized by rapid reduction in tissue perfusion of RBC, reduced deformability of red blood cells and increased viscosity. It also account for acute organ failure including lungs, kidneys, and liver.