Question

1 a) Which of the following consequences of a signaling molecule binding to its receptor is NOT a short-term response?

cAMP binding and protein activation

ubiquitination of a target protein, resulting in its degradation

chromatin remodeling, resulting in transcriptional changes

phosphorylation by a kinase

1 B) Which of the following does NOT correctly identify the type of signaling described?

insulin secreted by the pancreas – endocrine

interleukin-1 production by monocytes in response to external stimuli and binding to receptors on the same cell – autocrine

release of growth factors from cells to target adjacent cells – paracrine

the release of neurotransmitters by neurons at a synapse – endocrine

Answer 1

1.a) Correct answer is: chromatin remodeling, resulting in transcriptional changes.

Reason:Chromatin remodelling takes a longer time than all other processess as it includes complete unwinding of the DNA wound around the histones.

1.b)Correct answer is : the release of neurotransmitters by neurons at a synapse – endocrine

Reason:The release of neurotransmitters is not an endocrine response as it does not travel thorugh blood to a distant organ.It is released at the synaptic cleft.