Question

organisms that can only live inside living cells?

-bacteria

-E. Coli

-protozoa

-fungi

-Coronavirus

-HIV

-Bacteriophage

-Prion

-All

-None

An infection that begins when visiting a friend in a healthcare facility is a

-endogenous

-exogenous

-inflammation

-fever

-opportunistic

-infectious

-None

-All

Which of the following are false regarding an infection and disease?

- A pathogen is a microbe that are beneficial when present

- A pathogen is a special machine that is used to grow microbes

-Virus are organisms that can only live inside another living cell

-a pathogen is a small living organism that can cause disease

-exogenous infection is an infection that begins in a healthcare facility

-All

-None

Answer 1

The organisms that can live inside only in other living cells are called intracellular organisms. Most of the organisms like bacteria, protozoans and fungi are free living but can be infectious agents causing infections in plant, animal and human hosts. The viruses are both cellular and aellular organisms. They are not free living but require a living cell for their survival. Thus, viruses are obligate intracellular pathogens. There are some obligate intracellular bacteria like Rickettsiae and Chlamydiae. The prions are abnormal proteinaceous agents and obligate intracellular pathogens. The bacteriophages are the viruses infecting the bacteria. Therefore, the Corona virus, HIV, Bacteriophage and prion are organisms that live inside living cells.

The infection occurs by entry of a pathogenic organism entering the host causing adverse effects on health of the host. Sometimes, the microorganisms resident on own cells and tissues can cause infection when the barrier between sterile and nonsterile tissues is damaged. Such infection is called endogenous infection. The infection occurred from an external source like air, water, soil, food and healthcare facilities are called exogenous infection. Inflammation is an innate immune response that restricts the spread of pathogens and trigger immune cells to eliminate the pathogens. Fever is sign resulted by immune action against an infectious agent. An opportunistic infection occurs in a host with immunedeficiency and the normal microflora can cause infections by accidental exposure to sterile tissue or in immune compromised individuals. Therefore, the option Exogenous is correct.

A pathogen is a microorganism or infectious agent that causes infection or diseases in the host organism. The pathogen exhibits adverse effects on the host. The viruses are obligate intracellular pathogens. The infections caused t healthcare facility is an exogenous infection. The options 1 and 2 are correct.