Question

MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF URINE

1. Describe and state the significance of Cystine, cholesterol, leucine, tyrosine, bilirubin, sulphonamide, radiographic dye and ampicillin crystal.

2. Differentiate actual sediment constituents and artifacts.

3. Correlate physical and chemical urinalysis results with microscopic observations and recognize discrepancies.

Answer 1

Q1. Cystine - cystinuria

Too much cytine lead to kidney stones.

Cholesterol:

Low cholesterol in urine is normal. Increased cholesterol is seen in nephrotic syndrome.

Leucine :

Abnormal in urine. Seen severe liver diseases.

Tyrosine :

Often seen in acidic urine . Seen in liver disease and tyrosinemia.

Bilirubin :

Itsmall amount is normal. Incresed level indicate liver disease or infections.

Sulphonamide :

It crystalises in urine . Cause renal caliculi

Radiographic dye ;:

It is injected before taking x ray of urinary tract

Ampicillin crystal :

Precipitate in acidic urin. Fovour crystalluria