Question

Instruction: Use the following journal article to answer each question.

Chaplin, W. F., Phillips, J. B., Brown, J. D., Clanton, N. R., & Stein, J. L. (2000). Handshaking, gender, personality, and first impressions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 110-117.

Try not to get discouraged by the technical writing of research reports.

1.Problem: Briefly describe the problem under investigation. In other words, what were the researchers interested in studying?

2.Literature Review: Briefly describe some of the research reviewed in the introduction.

3.Theoretical Considerations: What theory or theories guided this research (if any)?

4.Hypothesis: What was the hypothesis or hypotheses? (Note: There were several hypotheses related to gender, personality, and first impressions)

5.Research Design: Briefly describe the research design. For example, how many participants were in the study? What did those participants do as part of their participation?

6.Data Analysis and Statistical Decisions: Briefly describe the main results of the study. (Hint: If you are having trouble understanding the Results section, read the beginning of the Discussion section or the Abstract for a synopsis).

7.Decisions in Terms of Past Research and Theory: Was the hypothesis supported? How do these results fit in with past research?

8.Finding a New Problem: Did the authors of this study suggest new research based on these results? Explain.

Answer 1

1. The researchers were interested in studying the characteristics and consistency of handshakes, along with the gender differences in the same. They also aimed to find the relationship between personality traits and handshakes along with that of first impressions made by handshakes.

2. The authors reviewed literature with respect to several aspects of handshakes. For instance, Allport and Vernon (1934) reported individual differences in strength, duration, vigour and grip in terms of how a hand is offered. Studies by Astoream, Thorell, Holmlund and d’Elia (1993), Astoream (1994) and Astoream and Thorell (1996) were analysed to obtain more information on the handshake-personality relationship. The curriculum of professional and business training seminars was reviewed to investigate the impact of handshakes on first impressions.

3. There was no specific theory that guided the study. On the basis of the literature review, the authors selected certain handshake categories and personality traits to consider.

4. There were several hypothesis in the study:

• Participants' handshake across eight situations of the study remain consistent.
• Women's handshakes would be less strong, less vigorous, have a less complete grip, and be of shorter duration than men's handshakes.
• The texture of men's handshakes is rougher than women's.
• Women have more eye contact than men's.
• The relations between handshaking characteristics and personality differed for men and women.
• Handshakes that are stronger, longer lasting, warmer, drier, more vigorous, with a more complete grip and more eye contact will result in a more favorable impression.

Please post the other questions separately as we are supposed to answer just one question or four parts of a single question.