Question

When a study uses subject variables, it is said that causal conclusion cannot be drawn. Why?

Answer 1

For causal conclusion to be drawn the variables have to be manipulated,this doesn't occurs with subject variables.Subject variables do not allow manipulation for the variables that play an important role in research or study.For example,the study of children's efficiency for distinguishing fact from fiction while watching television may depend upon their age, gender,cognitive development , learning etc , as these variables cannot be controlled or manipulated during the study as in true experiment , causal conclusion cannot be drawn as to which variable (s) is/are playing important role in distinguishing the fact and fiction efficiency in children.