Question

You have learnt about some tumor suppressors and oncogenes and about the pathways that they could potentially affect. If p53 could be mutilated what would be the downstream effects of these mutilations? Explain briefly the pathways or proteins it could affect.

Answer 1

Tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) or anti-oncogenes: These are genes that normally suppress cell division or growth. The loss of TSG function promotes uncontrolled cell division and tumor growth. These genes are not directly involved in cell growth.

By the following method, the p53 gene prevents cancer:

• The p53 main function is to repair DNA. When the DNA is complicated to repair, it undergoes programmed cell death.

The p53 gene is a gene that is mutated in many cancers and is the most common gene mutation found in cancer cells. Its proteins are also referred to as tumor protein p53, cellular tumor antigen p53, phosphoprotein p53.

Cancers Associated With p53 Gene Mutations:

• Breast cancer
• Brain cancer
• Cholangiocarcinoma
• Head and neck squamous cell cancer
• Liver cancer

Most of these mutations change a single amino acid in p53. The modified protein can't tie to DNA, keeping it from viably directing cell development and division. Therefore, DNA harm gathers in cells, which can permit them to develop and isolate in an uncontrolled manner to frame a dangerous tumor.

Hence, it is also known as tumor protein(TP)/tumor suppressor/cellular tumor antigen p53.

Individuals who acquire just a single practical duplicate of the TP53 quality will probably create tumors in early adulthood, a problem known as Li-Fraumeni disorder