Question

Charlie is a 3-year-old in a community preschool. The staff reports that he tends to put everything in his mouth and is frequently found eating dirt. A home visit by a school staff member to discuss the problems with his parents reveals a generally clean environment in a very old home that was being renovated. Recently, Charlie has been falling behind in academic skills compared with the other children in his class; his linear growth has slowed, and he is tired and irritable. His physician noted pallor and what look like “pencil lines” on the gums adjacent to his teeth. He ordered blood tests, which revealed a low hemoglobin level and an elevated lead level.

1. Based on the patient history, signs and symptoms, and lab test results, discuss the probable environmental factors responsible for Charlie’s ingestion of lead. (See Heavy Metals—Lead.)

2. Discuss the other toxic effects of lead poisoning that Charlie might experience if the situation is not addressed. (See Heavy Metals—Toxic Effects of Lead.)

3. Discuss other possible sources in children’s environments that have been identified as containing lead. (See Heavy Metals.)

Answer 1

1) The probable environmental factors should be

• Housing
• Social status
• Childs nutritional status
• Parents educational level

2)The toxic effects of lead if not addressed in right time are

• Behaviour and learning problems in the child
• Damage to brain and nervous system
• Decreased growth
• Headache
• Anemia
• Digestive problems
• Poor functions of motor skills
• Memory loss or problems
• Loss of IQ
• Communication and language problems

3) The source of lead in the environment are

• Painting ( contains lead)
• Using stationery items( eating pencil lead)
• Children lead jewellery ( by hitting it)
• Toys containing lead coating.