Question

Justify the presence of the following clinical manifestations in infective endocarditis:

Rales
Splenomegaly
Petechiae
Dyspnea
Systolic and diastolic murmurs
High pulse and respiratory rate

Answer 1

Infective endocarditis is an inflammation of the endocardium caused by bacteria.
Rales is a small clicking, bubbling, and rattling sound in the lungs. rales often heard when there is infection or inflammation of the small bronchi, alveoli, and bronchioles. in infective endocarditis, if severe aortic or mitral valve
regurgitation present on auscultation that time we heard the bilateral pulmonary rales.
Splenomegaly is an enlargement of the spleen. it occurs in infective endocarditis due to acute splenitis secondary to sepsis.it occurs mostly due to spleenic abscess in infective endocarditis.
Petechiae is a small, red round spot on the skin due to bleeding.in infective endocarditis petechiae lesions mostly due to mucocutaneous lesions.conjunctival petechial palatal due to leukocytoclastic vasculitis.
dyspnea is a difficulty in breathing. in right-sided Infective endocarditis, there will be chest pain, dyspnea present due to heart failure, and a heart murmur.
Infective endocarditis causes heart murmur and it changes its character. the first heart sound occurs when premature closure of the mitral valve due to high end-diastolic pressure, the third sound is mitral diastolic murmur when the ventricular filling is done by the mitral valve. due to heart infection and inflammation that causes a heart murmur when the blood goes backward and when the valve obstructed with blood flow.
there will be ventricular tachycardia in the endocarditis due to infection of the heart valve blood clots and inflammation cause the heart murmur and tachycardia and high breathing rate.inflammatory response and infeciton and the response of the patient to infeciton cause hemodynamic and metabloic compormise.