Question

1. Answer the following questions.

a. Describe in detail the physiological changes due to aging

.b. Identify factors that place farmers and migrant workers at risk for illness.

c. Identify populations at risk for violence and provide examples of the nurse’s role with primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention for each population above (elderly, migrant workers, violence).C. Provide APA reference page

Answer 1

A. PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES DUE TO AGEING:

Ageing is a natural process. Everyone must undergo this phase of life at his or her own time and pace. In the broader sense, ageing reflects all the changes taking place over the course of life. These changes start from birth—one grows, develops and attains maturity. To the young, ageing is exciting. Middle age is the time when people notice the age-related changes like greying of hair, wrinkled skin and a fair amount of physical decline.

Heart = As you age, blood vessels lose their elasticity, fatty deposits build up against artery walls and the heart has to work harder to circulated the blood through your body. This can lead to high blood pressure (hypertension) and atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries).

Bones and joints= As we age, our bones shrink in size and density. Some people actually become shorter! Others are more prone to fractures because of bone loss. Muscles, tendons, and joints may lose strength and flexibility.

Eating and digesting= Swallowing and chewing may become harder as the esophagus contracts less forcefully and teeths starts to shed due to its weakening.

Nervous system= Memory loss occurs because of the number of brain cells decreases. Reflexes may slow down, distraction occurs and coordination is affected.

Eyes= There are many vision changes that occur as we age. We may need help seeing objects that are closer as our lens stiffens. We may have a more difficult time seeing in low-light conditions, and colors may be perceived differently. Our eyes may be less capable of producing tears and our lenses may become cloudier.

Common eye problems associated with age include cataracts, glaucoma and macular degeneration.

Ear= Hearing loss and frequent accumulation of earwax.

Hair, nail and skin=As you age, your skin becomes more dry and brittle, which can lead to more wrinkles. The fat layer under the skin thins, which results in less sweating. Hair and nails grow slower and become brittle. Hair will thin and turn gray.

B. Factors that leads to risk of illness to farmers amd migrant workers:

Occupational status

Gender

Immunosufficiency

Place of living

Lifestyle

Income

Culture

Satisfaction towards the job and living

C. primary prevention = Measures taken to prevemt the occurence of disease and exposure of risk factors leading it.

Eg: Nurses can help patient to prevent disease spread by giving proper health education , knowledge , immunization and vaccination , exercise and dietary pattern.

A proper exercising habit and a healthy eating schedule helps to prevent worsening of the ageing process. And help them to keep healthy amd active.

secondary prevention= A medical treatment seeked by the patient for the disease occured or any surgery advised etc.

Eg: Nurse helps to take care of the patient fully day and night to treat him best and care to her best level. For early recovery and helps to make patient feel comfort with the changes in health status and guide and make a healthy ipr for easy access to the treatment. Also a nurse helps to deal with patient family for economic and psychological support.

Tertiary prevention = It is the state of restoration and rehabilitation of the patient for normal life access and easy adaptation to life .

Eg: A patient with stroke is rehabilitated with the proper care and instructions made to be followed as prohibition of alcoholism and smoking , healthy nutritious food , proper sleep and daily walk and exercise.