You have been hired by a company to provide advice on capital structure decisions. One day the CEO puts forward the following arguments to you:
a. I have estimated a cost of debt of 4% and a cost of equity of 15% for my firm. As debt is “cheaper” than equity, I would like to issue a bond and buy back shares to reduce the overall cost of capital of my firm.
b. The leverage from the bond issuance will increase my firm’s expected earnings per share (EPS) which should lead to an increase in the firm’s stock price. That will benefit all shareholders, including myself, since I own 5% of the shares.
Assuming perfect capital markets, do you agree with the CEO’s arguments? Explain your reasoning.
I agree to the CEO's arguments, but with a limiting condition that the leverage should not increase beyond the optimum level.
When equity is replaced by the lower cost debt, the overall cost of capital of the firm should decrease. But, this will be upto a level of debt considered normal for the company. Beyond such a level of normal debt, increase in debt will increase the cost of debt and cost of equity as, the market will feel that the riskiness of the firm is increasing as also the probability of bankruptcy. Beyond such normal level of debt, the OCC will start rising.
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