If it would be cheaper to give each steelworker $375,000 per year in cash rather than impose restrictions on steel imports, why do we have the import restrictions rather than the cash payments? Who gains and who loses from import restrictions? In answering, you should consider both consumers and producers in both the country that imposes the restrictions and the other countries affected by them.
We have import restrictions rather than the cash payments to protect domestic jobs from cheap labor abroad , to improve trade deficit as imports falls and net exports rises , to protect infant industries and to earn more revenue. From import restrictions consumer loses as prices is higher but after import restrictions domestic producer gain as people buy domestically produced good when imported good is expensive so that domestic producer gain. Producer in other country loses as they have to pay more on tarrif so there cost increases so they loses domestic government gain as they get more revenue on imported goods.
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