2. Why was Volkswagen so vulnerable to the change in the value of the Euro against the US Dollar relative to the US Dollar?
Over time, Euro/Dollar exchange rate is rising, signifying an appreciation of Euro with respect to dollars. Volkswagen is based out of Germany whose domestic currency is Euro. When domestic currency appreciates, domestically-produced exportable goods become costlier in global market and less competitive. Export demand, therefore, falls. In this case, export sales of Volkswagen outside Germany (and other EU countries) will decrease, lowering sales and profit of Volkswagen.
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