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what is the "methods to retrofit" against earthquake effects the existing buildings in Civil Eng.?

what is the "methods to retrofit" against earthquake effects the existing buildings in Civil Eng.?

Engineering   Civil-Engineering   
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Methods to retrofit is the method used to make an existing building earthquake rest ant.There are different methods to retrofit like mass reduction,provide steel bracing,provide steel dampers,external prestressing etc. Due to these method the structure will be more resilient to the earthquake shocks because the structure will now be more ductile.Concrete is brittle in nature so it will not be able to survive earthquake shocks. Because earthquake shocks produces tensile forces and concrete is weak in tension, so by retrofitting methods concrete structures will show more ductility.Due to the retrofitting the structure will be less vulnerable to the earthquake shocks.

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