1- b. Alanine
cysteine donates its silfide to form iron sulfide cluster, after which it is converted into alanine
2- d. Serine
serine enters TCA via its conversion into pyruvate.
3- a. Hydroxylases (I think it's hydrolases)
Hydrolases includes all digestive enzymes. Since lactase, trehalase and sucrase are all digestive enzymes so they come under this category. They use H2O to break carbohydrate molecules.
4- b. H+
acetaldehyde is converted into ethanol in presence of alcohol dehydrogenase, NADH and H+
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