Question

Bioinformatics #4

1. What does the box labeled “INSR” refer to, and how many amino acids are found in this protein?

Insulin; 1382

Insulin receptor; 1382

Insulin; 4149

Insulin receptor; 4149

2. For INSR, the membrane-bound location of this protein is __________________, while the dephosphorylated form of this protein, the active (or sensitized) state, is indicated by the ____ symbol.

a. indicated by the 2 thick parallel gray lines on the map; +p

B. indicated by the 2 thick parallel gray lines on the map; -p

C. directly stated in the KEGG page for INSR; +p

D. directly stated in the KEGG page for INSR; -p

3. Which protein serves as a branching point for the activation of glycolysis, antilipolysis (or inhibition of fatty acid release from the adipose tissue), antiapoptosis, and glycogenesis?

RAC serine/threonine-protein kinase

3-phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase-1

insulin receptor substrate 1

phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate

4. The insulin-dependent activation of protein synthesis requires activation of mTOR by _____, which proceeds forward by _____________ of p70 ribosomal S6 kinase.

phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate; phosphorylation

phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate; dephosphorylation

phosphoinositide-3-kinase; phosphorylation

phosphoinositide-3-kinase; dephosphorylation

5. The insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS) assists in reactivation of the insulin receptor by __________ of PTP1B, which in turn _________ the insulin receptor.

phosphorylation; phosphorylates

dephosphorylation; dephosphorylates

phosphorylation; dephosphorylates

dephosphorylation; phosphorylates

6. In order to impact cell differentiation and proliferation, the insulin receptor substrate 1 must be phosphorylated on a _________ residue and directly bind to __________.

serine; growth factor receptor-bound protein 2

tyrosine; growth factor receptor-bound protein 10

serine; growth factor receptor-bound protein 10

tyrosine; growth factor receptor-bound protein 2

7. What is the name of the enzyme cascade that leads to cell proliferation and differentiation?

Phosphatidylinositol pathway

Mitogen pathway

MAPK pathway

Insulin mitogen pathway

8. A comparison of the insulin signaling pathway in Homo sapiens, Alligator mississppiensis, and Falco cherrug indicates that this pathway is _____ conserved, with the exception of factors associated with ________ in the American alligator.

highly; antiapoptosis

not highly; antiapoptosis

highly; apoptosis

not highly; apoptosis

9. In the signaling pathway initiated by pheromones, which gene name refers to a G protein?

Ste2

Ste20

Gpa1

Rho1

10. Which protein factor is found in the nucleus?

Ste2

Ste5

Ste7

Ste12

11. Which yeast protein is the MAP kinase kinase kinase?

Ste2

Ste5

Ste7

Ste11

12. After pheromone excitation, yeast mating is initiated by _________ of ________ by the mitogen-activated serine/threonine-protein kinase.

phosphorylation; Ste12

dephosphorylation; Ste12

phosphorylation; Dig1,2

dephosphorylation; Dig1,2

13. According the MAPK pathway for yeast, which transcription factor is involved in responses to pheromones and starvation?

Tec1

Ste5

Cdc42

Ste12

Answer 1

Question1:

Answer: Insulin receptor; 1382

INSR: insulin receptor, where both chain of insulin attached.

Question2:

Answer: directly stated in the KEGG page for INSR; -p

Insulin bind to INSR and initiate KEGG pathway.

Question3:

Answer: insulin receptor substrate 1

It activates glycolysis in presence of high amount of glucose.

Question9:

Answer: Gpa1

Gpa 1 is subunit of G protein. Ste2 promote GTP binding to Gpa1

Question10:

Answer: Ste5

Ste5 is abundantly found in nucleus.

Question11:

Answer: Ste7

Question 12:

Answer: phosphorylation; Ste12

Question:

Answer: Cdc42

Please upload unanswered questions separately.