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Streptomycin (an antibiotic) binds to the small ribosomal subunit of bacteria (but not to the ribosomes...

Streptomycin (an antibiotic) binds to the small ribosomal subunit of bacteria (but not to the ribosomes of the host cells infected by bacteria). The result is the misreading of bacterial mRNA and the breakup of polysomes. What process is being affected, and how does this kill the bacterial cells? Describe the steps of this process in normal cells.

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Answer #1

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We know that bacterial ribosomes are 70s ribosomes, which are made of 30s ribosomes and 50s ribosomes. However, the 30s subunit is made of 16s ribosomes. Streptomycin binds to the 30s and 16s ribosomes subunits. Therefore, streptomycin has following properties.

  1. It affects protein synthesis process of bacteria.
  2. It binds to the 30s and 16s ribosomes subunits through the N-formylmethylation by at-RNA. The N-formylmethionyl tRNA provides misreading to the translation machinery of the bacteria.
  3. This type of action causes frameshift mutation in the mRNA and hence makes a defective protein. This causes the death of bacteria.
  4. This antibiotic is a broad-spectrum antibiotics.

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