Unlike permanent tattos which involve ink being inserted into the skin, henna acts as a temporary colorant. However henna is one of the long lasting temporary dyes
Many plant products can dye your skin, often when you don't want them to. If you're an experienced cook how turmeric or beet can alter your skin colour. While these other plant based dyes are effective on the skin, henna has an distinct advantage.
The molecule lawsone which is found on henna leaves by the process of micheal reaction it actually binds to skin keratin proteins
This has two effects, firstly the binding makes dye darker. Secondly henna is now tied to the skin, it can't be washed off, until this layer of skin is shed
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