Read the Miller et al. paper on color evolution. Why can’t Kit Ligand just be knocked out to induce color lightening? What does the evolution of regulatory mechanisms for genes like KITLG suggest about evolutionary rate? Answer in about 4-5 sentences.
https://www.zoology.ubc.ca/~schluter/reprints/miller%20et%20al%202007%20cell%20-%20kit%20ligand%20evolution%20in%20sticklebacks%20and%20humans.pdf
Answer 1:
Kitlg gene is necessary for the development of animals and humans. Mutation in Kitlg can develop lack of spatial learning in humans. Therefore, it is required to remain in cell. Kitlg has great role in melanocytes differentiation, proliferation, migration and importantly survival. Therefore, this gene cannot be knocked out.
Answer 2:
There is a quite similar parallel evolution occurred in between sticklebacks and humans. These changes are very recent. The evolution rate is rapid in both sticklebacks and humans. That can be due to the phenotypic effects and some mutation is Kitlg genes.
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