The amount of air inhaled and exhaled with each breathe is
called tidal volume.
It increases from 0.4 L to 1 L during rest and to 3 L during
excercise or running.
All other lung volumes and capacities increases ,
A person having high tidal volume and more complex system of
capillaries at the muscles get more amount of oxygen in the lungs
which diffuse into the pulmonary blood and increase activity of
mitochondria.
For these type of runners, there will be increase in number of
mitochondria and there will be more efficient in extracting oxygen
from the blood and getting into muscle for energy production.
For marathon runners, there will be increase in Vo2max, which
is referred as maximal oxygen consumption , maximum oxygen uptake
or aerobic opacity.