Question

The types of raw materials used to construct stone tools found at an archaeological site are shown below. A random sample of 1486 stone tools were obtained from a current excavation site.

Raw Material	Regional Percent of Stone Tools	Observed Number of Tools as Current excavation Site
Basalt	61.3%	871
Obsidian	10.6%	169
Welded Tuff	11.4%	181
Pedernal chert	13.1%	210
Other	3.6%	55

Use a 1% level of significance to test the claim that the regional distribution of raw materials fits the distribution at the current excavation site.

(a) What is the level of significance?


State the null and alternate hypotheses.

H₀: The distributions are different.
H₁: The distributions are the same.

H₀: The distributions are the same.
H₁: The distributions are the same.    

H₀: The distributions are the same.
H₁: The distributions are different.

H₀: The distributions are different.
H₁: The distributions are different.

(b) Find the value of the chi-square statistic for the sample. (Round the expected frequencies to at least three decimal places. Round the test statistic to three decimal places.)


Are all the expected frequencies greater than 5?

Yes

No    

What sampling distribution will you use?

uniform

normal    

Student's t

binomial

chi-square

What are the degrees of freedom?


(c) Find or estimate the P-value of the sample test statistic.

P-value > 0.100

0.050 < P-value < 0.100    

0.025 < P-value < 0.050

0.010 < P-value < 0.025

0.005 < P-value < 0.010

P-value < 0.005

(d) Based on your answers in parts (a) to (c), will you reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis of independence?

Since the P-value > α, we fail to reject the null hypothesis.

Since the P-value > α, we reject the null hypothesis.    

Since the P-value ≤ α, we reject the null hypothesis.

Since the P-value ≤ α, we fail to reject the null hypothesis.

(e) Interpret your conclusion in the context of the application.

At the 0.01 level of significance, the evidence is sufficient to conclude that the regional distribution of raw materials does not fit the distribution at the current excavation site.

At the 0.01 level of significance, the evidence is insufficient to conclude that the regional distribution of raw materials does not fit the distribution at the current excavation site.  

Answer 1

Ans:

a)level of significance=0.01

H₀: The distributions are the same.
H₁: The distributions are different.

b)

Raw Material	Percentage	Observed(fo)	Expected(fe)	(fo-fe)^2/fe
Basalt	61.30%	871	910.918	1.749
Obsidian	10.60%	169	157.516	0.837
Welded Tuff	11.40%	181	169.404	0.794
Pedernal chert	13.10%	210	194.666	1.208
Other	3.60%	55	53.496	0.042
Total	100.00%	1486	1486	4.630

Test statistic:

Chi square=4.630

yes

chi square

df=5-1=4

c)p-value=CHIDIST(4.630,4)=0.3274

P-value > 0.100

d)Since the P-value > α, we fail to reject the null hypothesis.

e)At the 0.01 level of significance, the evidence is insufficient to conclude that the regional distribution of raw materials does not fit the distribution at the current excavation site.