Question

Introduction:

The ATHENA program (Athletes Targeting Healthy Exercise and Nutrition Alternatives; Ranby et al., 2009) is a prevention and health promotion intervention designed to deter unhealthy body shaping behaviors among female high school athletes, decrease intentions to use unhealthy weight-loss method (e.g., diet pills) and steroids/creatine, and investigate the link to long-term body-image perceptions and behaviors. (Note: the data was provided by Dr. Fritz)

Scenario 1

A researcher selected N = 16 female student-athletes, then, tested their knowledge of the adverse effects of drugs, diet pills, starvation, and vomiting to control weight before receiving the ATHENA program (KNOW1) and after finishing the ATHENA program (KNOW2).

Questions

1. Use Excel to run a paired samples t-test using the following data. Then answer the questions below:

Know1	Know2
13.357	18.944
9.463	14.521
9.567	15.489
7.060	11.794
8.068	13.772
8.315	13.131
9.639	13.445
11.106	16.882
11.223	17.671
12.473	16.431
11.800	16.340
10.077	16.011
10.756	16.885
8.651	13.320
10.653	14.751
8.170	13.391

1. Report the output (the results); you can copy the results and paste it.

t-Test: Paired Two Sample for Means
	know2	know1
Mean	15.173625	10.023625
Variance	3.85380852	3.02196105
Observations	16	16
Pearson Correlation	0.90992727
Hypothesized Mean Difference	0
df	15
t Stat	25.2561154
P(T<=t) one-tail	5.2427E-14
t Critical one-tail	1.75305036
P(T<=t) two-tail	1.0485E-13
t Critical two-tail	2.13144955

1. What is the t-statistic?

25.2561154

2. Was is the p-value of the t-statistic?

3. What is your decision regarding the null hypothesis? How do you know?

4. Does the program (ATHENA) have a significant effect?

5. Did the ATHENA program increase or decrease awareness (knowledge)?

Answer 1