Question

Which of the following may lead to a biased sample?

A. Using people who accept compensation (e.g., money) to participate

B. Using people who agree to participate

C. Using people who are readily available to the researcher

D. Using people who have participated in other research studies

When determining whether a study should be conducted, we have to balance which two issues?

A. The costs of conducting the study vs. the benefits gained by the researcher

B. The type of people negatively affected vs. the type of people positively affected

C. The potential risks to participants vs. the value of knowledge we can gain

D. The number of people negatively affected vs. the number of people positively affected

Which of the following statements is true of observational data?

A. Observational measures automatically have good construct validity.

B. Observational measures cannot be used to make causal claims.

C. Observational measures can be used to make frequency claims.

D. Observational measures provide better information than self-report data.

PLEASE PROVIDE A BRIEF EXPLANATION

Answer 1

1)C. This is so because the people who are readily available to the researcher may not represent the population under consideration.

2)A) This is so because most of the time a limited budget is available to the researcher hence he has to decide how much is he willing to spend to gain the required information.

3)C) Observational measures can be used to make frequency claims as observational data is quite trustworthy and in most studies we do use observational data to make various claims