Question

You wondered whether STUDYING affects TEST SCORES on an upcoming exam. You provide half the students with study material and half the students with no study material. (a) Define each variable. Is it a DEPENDENT VARIABLE or an INDEPENDENT variable? (b) Would this question have a between-subjects or within-subjects design? (c) Is this a one-tailed or two-tailed test?

Answer 1

Question (a)

STUDYING is an independent variable and TEST SCORES is a dependent variable becuase TEST SCORES depend upon STUDYING , if one studies more, his test score would he high. If he studies less, his test score would be low

Question (b)

This is a within-subjects design because you will be selecting a group of pariticipants and then find out whether studying affects test scores by finding the amout of hours studied and the test scores

Question (c)

This is a two-tailed test because you just want to know whether STUDYING affects TEST SCORES. So your Null Hypothesis can be that STUDYING does not affect TEST SCORES and Alternate Hypothesis can be STUDYING affects TEST SCORES. You won;t look for the direction here whether it is less than or greater than some value