Question

QUESTION 24

A study examines fitness differences between males and females. A chi-square test of association is used to test the results. The results are displayed in the following table:

Gender	Fit	Not Fit	Total	X2,df	p
Male     n (%)	24 (41.8%)	34 (58.6%)	58	5.76, 1	.02
Female n (%)	34 (64.2%)	19 (35.8%)	53
Total	58	53	111

The most appropriate interpretation of these results is:

	1.	Fitness levels were similar in men and women. There is no siginficant association between gender and fitness.
	2.	A significantly higher proportion of females is fit compared to males.   There is a signficant association between gender and fitness.
	3.	Fitness levels were similar in men and women. There is a siginficant association between gender and fitness.
	4.	A significantly higher proportion of females is fit compared to males. There is no association between gender and fitness.

4.00000 points   

QUESTION 25

A study of an intervention program for low back pain uses the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for Pain as an outcome.   Pain is assessed before the intervention and then again, in each subject, during a follow-up visit. Results are summarized below. Assume, for this study that there was evidence of skew and that the VAS can be treated as ORDINAL.

Outcomes	Baseline	Follow-Up
Pain (Median VAS ± IQR)	8 ± 3	3 ± 3

Which of the following statistical tests would be most appropriate to see if there was a significant change in VAS from baseline to follow-up?

		Sign Rank Test
		Paired t test
		Independent samples t test
		Mann Whitney U

Answer 1

Answer 24

Since the p value is less than 0.05 significance level, so we are confident that the p value is significant and there must be a significant association.

So, we can reject option 1 and 4 as these options suggesting no association

We are testing for the difference in fitness level between female and male, so the we can say that the p value is significant and thus, we can conclude that there is a significant difference or high proportion of females is fit compared to males

So, option 2 is correct answer