Question

(Table: TV and Aggressiveness) In a fictional study, a pretest-posttest design was used to examine the influence of a television program on children's aggressiveness. The number of aggressive responses was measured during an observation period both before and after the television program. Perform the six steps of hypothesis testing using the following data to determine if there is a difference in the number of aggressive behaviors in children after having viewed the television program.

Table: TV and Aggressiveness

Participant	Before	After
1	6	9
2	4	3
3	12	11
4	9	12
5	10	14
6	2	6
7	14	12

Step 1: Identify the populations, the comparison distribution, and evaluate the assumptions.

Step 2: State the null and research hypothesis

Step 3: Determine the characteristics of the comparison distribution

Step 4: Determine critical value

Step 5: Calculate test statistic

Step 6: Make decision

Answer 1

This is a paired sample T-test

Participants	Before	After	Difference
1	6	9	-3
2	4	3	1
3	12	11	1
4	9	12	-3
5	10	14	-4
6	2	6	-4
7	14	12	2

Test statistic:

degree of freedom = n-1=6

P value for the two-tailed test = 0.2027

Since the P value is greater than the significance level 0.05, we fail to reject the null hypothesis.

Hence we have no evidence that there is a difference in the number of aggressive behaviours in children after having viewed the television program.