Question

Why do we naturally tend to trust some strangers more than others? One group of researchers decided to study the relationship between eye color and trustworthiness. In their experiment the researchers took photographs of 80 students (20 males with brown eyes, 20 males with blue eyes, 20 females with brown eyes, and 20 females with blue eyes), each seated in front of a white background looking directly at the camera with a neutral expression. These photos were cropped so the eyes were horizontal and at the same height in the photo and so the neckline was visible. They then recruited 105 participants to judge the trustworthiness of each student photo. This was done using a 10-point scale, where 1 meant very untrustworthy and 10 very trustworthy. The 80 scores from each participant were then converted to z-scores, and the average z-score of each photo (across all 105 participants) was used for the analysis. Here is a summary of the results.

Eye color	n	x	s
Brown	40	0.54	1.68
Blue	40	−0.37	1.54

Can we conclude from these data that brown-eyed students appear more trustworthy compared to their blue-eyed counterparts? Test the hypothesis that the average scores for the two groups are the same.

State the null and alternative hypotheses.

H0: μBrown ≠ μBlue

Ha: μBrown < μBlue

H0: μBrown = μBlue

Ha: μBrown ≠ μBlue

H0: μBrown = μBlue

Ha: μBrown > μBlue

H0: μBrown = μBlue

Ha: μBrown < μBlue

H0: μBrown ≠ μBlue

Ha: μBrown > μBlue

Report the test statistic, the degrees of freedom, and the P-value. (Round your test statistic to three decimal places, your degrees of freedom to the nearest whole number, and your P-value to four decimal places.)

t =

df =

P-value =

State your conclusion. (Use α = 0.05.)

We do not reject H0 and can not conclude that brown-eyed people seem more trustworthy according to this experiment.

We reject H0 and conclude that brown-eyed people seem more trustworthy according to this experiment.

Answer 1

Two-Sample T-Test and CI

Method

μ₁: mean of Sample 1

µ₂: mean of Sample 2

Difference: μ₁ - µ₂

Equal variances are not assumed for this analysis.

Descriptive Statistics

Sample	N	Mean	StDev	SE Mean
Sample 1	40	0.54	1.68	0.27
Sample 2	40	-0.37	1.54	0.24

Estimation for Difference

Null hypothesis	H₀: μ₁ - µ₂ = 0
Alternative hypothesis	H₁: μ₁ - µ₂ ≠ 0

Test

T-Value	DF	P-Value
2.525	77	0.0136

=============================================

H0: μBrown = μBlue

Ha: μBrown ≠ μBlue

===============================================

t = 2.525

df = 77

P-value =0.0136

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We reject H0 and conclude that brown-eyed people seem more trustworthy according to this experiment.