Question

Question #5 – Chi Squared Testing

This is Part B

I) Milk products are an important source of calcium and vitamin D, nutrients that play an essential role in maintaining bone health and preventing osteoporosis. However, most milk products also contain lactose, which a large proportion of the world’s population has trouble digesting. http://www.osteoporosis.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017-05-31-COPING-Lactose-Intolerance-FINAL.pdf

In fact, it has been estimated that seven million Canadians suffer from lactose intolerance. There are many factors affecting how populations adapt and react to lactose besides genetics, including diet, climate, and even ethnicity. In Canada, these factors translate into 20% of our population being affected by lactose intolerance. http://www.lactaid.ca/whos-affected.html

It seems more and more people are becoming lactose intolerant and we really wanted to find out if there was an increase in osteoporosis cases due to the fact that fewer and fewer dairy products are being consumed. According to Wikipedia, osteoporosis affects approximately 1.4 million Canadians, mainly postmenopausal women and the elderly. Osteoporosis affects 1 in 4 women and more than 1 in 8 men over the age of 50 years, People know when they are lactose intolerant, so it was relatively easy to populate our two study groups. We simply asked 150 adults over the age of 50 if they were lactose intolerant and if so, did they have some form of osteoporosis. Our results are as follows:

	Osteoporosis?
Lactose Intolerant?	Yes	No	Totals
Yes	20	40	60
No	15	75	90
Totals	35	115	150

From these data and using the Chi-squared test, test the claim at 95% confidence that there is a relationship between being lactose intolerant and having some form of osteoporosis.

1. State the Null and Alternative Hypotheses (1)
2. Prepare the appropriate PDF and state the Decision Rule (1,1)
3. Determine the test value. (5)
4. What is the decision? (1)
5. Determine the Relative Risk. (4)

1. Now we want to determine whether the Relative Risk is significant.
   1. State the Hypothesis (1)
   2. If appropriate, prepare the PDF and state the Decision Rule (1) and
   3. Perform the test (3)
   4. Is this a significant result? In other words, what is your Decision? (1)
   5. Is your Decision the same at 99% confidence? Why or why not? (1)

      g) What is your Interpretation of the entire question? (looking for two or three statements) (1)

Answer 1