Question

A study examined the effectiveness of Botox injections in the corrugator supercilii muscles for the treatment of chronic migraines. Of the 29 migraine-prone patients participating in the study, 24 reported some form of improvement. We cannot conclude from the findings that Botox injections in the corrugator supercilii muscles are the cause for these improvements because A. the number of "failures" is too small. B. correlation is not causation. C. the sample size is too small. D. there is no comparison group, and the improvements could simply reflect the placebo effect.

Answer 1

Solution: A study examined the effectiveness of Botox injections in the corrugator supercilii muscles for the treatment of chronic migraines. Of the 29 migraine-prone patients participating in the study, 24 reported some form of improvement. We cannot conclude from the findings that Botox injections in the corrugator supercilii muscles are the cause for these improvements because

Answer: D. there is no comparison group, and the improvements could simply reflect the placebo effect.